Objetivos: avaliar o nível de conhecimento de noções básicas do diagnóstico do câncer de mama entre os alunos de medicina; promover a discussão entre eles e avaliar o aproveitamento dos alunos do 5º ano médico, após cursar a Disciplina de Ginecologia. Métodos: por meio de questionários aplicados a 348 alunos do total de 550 alunos, do 1º ao 5º ano do curso médico, buscaram-se informações a respeito do conhecimento básico do diagnóstico do câncer de mama. Dos 348 questionários aplicados, 55 (16%) foram respondidos por estudantes do 5º ano que haviam cursado a Disciplina de Ginecologia. Destes, 43% eram mulheres, 62% tinham familiares médicos e 17% história familiar de câncer de mama. Resultados: em relação ao conhecimento dos métodos diagnósticos, 84% dos alunos acertaram o sinal mais freqüente do câncer de mama; 34%, o melhor método de rastreio; 49%, quando indicar a mamografia em mulheres assintomáticas; 37%, a periodicidade preconizada da mamografia após 50 anos e 24%, quando associar o ultra-som à mamografia para detecção do câncer de mama. Os alunos do 5º ano apresentaram um índice de acerto para todas as perguntas significativamente maior que os demais. O sexo só apresentou diferença em relação ao maior conhecimento pelas mulheres quanto ao melhor período para o auto-exame e quando indicar a associação do ultra-som à mamografia. A presença de familiares médicos e a história familiar de câncer de mama não influenciaram as respostas. Conclusão: mesmo entre acadêmicos de medicina ainda é grande a desinformação a respeito do diagnóstico do câncer de mama. Não obstante, após cursar a disciplina, esse conhecimento aumenta significativamente.

Purpose: to evaluate how knowledgeable medical students at the Universidade Federal de Goiás were concerning the basic diagnostic principles breast cancer. The study also aimed at promoting a debate among the students and at assessing the understanding of the students in the fifth year of medical school, who had already attended the Gynecology course. Methods: Through questionnaires given to 348 individuals, from the first to the fifth year, out of a total population of 550 students, the authors searched for information with regard to basic knowledge on the diagnosis of breast cancer. Of the 348 questionnaires, 55 (16%) were given to fifth-year students, who had already attended the Gynecology course. Furthermore, 43% of the students were women, 62% had medical doctors in their immediate family, and 17% had a family history of breast cancer. Results: in regard to the knowledge of diagnostic methods, 84% of the students were aware of the most frequent sign of breast cancer, 34% knew which was the best screening method, 49% knew when to refer asymptomatic women to mammography, 37% knew the recommended interval between mammography for women above the age of 50, and 24% knew when to associate ultrasound to mammography for the detection of breast cancer. The fifth-year students provided correct answers at a significantly higher rate, when compared to the others. Concerning gender, the only difference regarded the fact that women showed a better knowledge as to the best time for self-examination and when to recommend ultrasound associated with mammography. The presence of medical doctors in the family and a history of family members with breast cancer did not have any influence on the answers. Conclusion: The lack of information in regard to the diagnosis of breast cancer is very high, even among medical students. Nevertheless, the rate of information increases significantly after students are taught Gynecology, which is only offered during the fifth year of the medical school.

Estudo conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a confiabilidade, acurácia e dificuldades do exame de congelação, utilizando-se pequenos fragmentos de tumores mamários obtidos com a biópsia histológica por agulha grossa (bioptycut). Durante 13 meses, 37 pacientes foram submetidas ao Bioptycut (pistola BIP 2.2 ou Promag 1.2, agulhas l4G), sendo que, de cada uma delas, foram retirados no mínimo dois fragmentos, um a fresco para congelação e outro submerso em formol para inclusão posterior em parafina. O estudo de congelação constituiu-se de exame citológico do "imprimir" da peça e de exame histológico usando cortes através de congelação. Os cortes foram feitos usando criostato e micrótomo, com cortes de 8µ. O tamanho do tumor puncionado variou de 1cm a 12cm (média 4,8cm). A congelação foi conclusiva em 33 casos (89%), sendo trinta carcinomas e três benignos, e inconclusiva em quatro casos (11%). A obtenção deste dia:nóstico se deu pelo "imprint" e corte em 29 casos (78%), só pelo "imprint" em quatro casos (11 %), em dois casos tanto o corte quanto o "imprint" foram inadequados e dois não foram descritos. Posteriormente foram obtidas peças por exérese da lesão (até a análise) em 28 casos, dos quais 25 carcinomas e três tumores benignos (11 %). Houve um caso de congelação conclusiva de benignidade, em que a exérese posterior revelou se tratar de carcinoma (falso-negativo). Não houve falsos-positivos. A sensibilidade foi de 96% e a especificidade de 100%. Assim, conclui-se que o exame por congelação, usando-se peças obtidas com bioptycut se mostrou confiável, evitando biópsias abertas em 81 % dos casos, garantindo rapidez e melhor preparo das pacientes para terapêutica definitiva.

A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the reliability, accuracy and difficulties of froozen section, by using small fragments of breast tumors obtained through core needle biopsy. During 13 months, 37 patients with breast lumps underwent core needle biopsy (bioptycut), using two types of guns of 2.2 and 1.2, with 14G needles. At least two specimens were taken from each of these patients: one was kept fresh, for froozen section, and the other was immersed in formal saline to be later imbedded in paraffin. The froozen section constitutes in a cytological examination of the imprinting of the sample and of a histological examination using cuts made by freezing. The 8-m cuts were made with cryostat and microtome. The tumor size ranged from 1 to 12cm (average 4.8cm). Froozen section was conclusive in 33 cases (89%): thirty were carcinomas and three benign tumors. In four cases (11 %) this test was not conclusive. This diagnosis was achieved by imprint and cut in 29 cases (78%), only by imprint in four cases (11%). In two cases both the cut and the imprint were inadequate. Two cases were not described. Later, 28 samples were obtained through exeresis of the lesions (until analysis). Twenty-five were found to be carcinomas, while three were benign tumors (11 %). There was a conclusive case of benign diagnosis through the froozen section which the later exeresis proved that it was a carcinoma (false negative). There were no false positive cases. Sensitivity was of 96% and specificity was of 1 00%. It is concluded that the froozen section, using small samples obtained through bioptycut was shown to be reliable, and in 81 % of the cases open biopsies were avoided. This ensured a faster definite therapy and better patient preparation.